The insular cortex has consistently been associated with various aspects of emotion regulation and social interaction, including anger processing and overt aggression.Aggression research distinguishes SMEG SF64M3VN Electric Oven - Black 60cm proactive or instrumental aggression from retaliation, i.e.
aggression in response to provocation.Here, we investigated the specific role of the insular cortex during retaliation, employing a controlled behavioral aggression paradigm implementing different levels of provocation.Fifteen healthy male volunteers underwent whole brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify brain regions involved in interaction with either a provoking or a non-provoking opponent.
FMRI group analyses were complemented by examining the parametric modulations of brain activity related to the individual level of displayed aggression.These analyses identified a hemispheric lateralization as well as an anatomical segregation of insular cortex with specifically the left posterior part being involved in retaliation.The left-lateralization of insular activity during retaliation is in accordance with evidence from electro-physiological studies, suggesting left-lateralized fronto-cortical dominance during anger processing and Tonies Headphones aggressive acts.
The posterior localization of insular activity, on the other hand, suggests a spatial segregation within insular cortex with particularly the posterior part being involved in the processing of emotions that trigger intense bodily sensations and immediate action tendencies.